Which of the following is an example of 'steering' in real estate practices?

Steering in real estate refers to the practice of guiding potential buyers or renters toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race, ethnicity, or other protected characteristics. This behavior is a violation of fair housing laws as it can perpetuate segregation and restrict choices based on discriminatory practices.

In this context, encouraging clients to consider neighborhoods based on racial makeup exemplifies steering, as it implies that individuals should choose neighborhoods that align with their racial identity, thus limiting their options and potentially reinforcing segregation. This practice not only influences the housing choices of individuals but also undermines the principle of providing equal opportunity in housing, which is fundamental to fair housing efforts.

The other choices presented reflect lawful and non-discriminatory practices. For instance, showing all clients the same properties, marketing properties to high-income individuals without regard to race or ethnicity, and hosting open houses in various neighborhoods are neutral actions that do not involve directing individuals based on their protected characteristics. These practices promote equal access to housing and are thus consistent with fair housing principles.