Which of the following describes the term 'redlining'?

Redlining refers to the practice of refusing to lend to borrowers based on the geographic area in which they live, typically correlating with discriminatory practices that target specific communities, often based on race or ethnicity. This term originated from the practice of using red ink to outline areas on maps that lenders deemed too risky for investment, effectively denying those residents access to mortgage loans and home insurance.

This phenomenon has historical roots in systemic racism, making it a significant issue in discussions about fair housing. It contributed to the segregation of neighborhoods and the disparity in homeownership rates among different demographic groups. Recognizing redlining is crucial to understanding the broader implications of discrimination in housing and finance, and it underscores the importance of fair lending laws designed to combat such practices. The other options do not capture this discriminatory lending practice and therefore do not accurately define redlining.